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complementary distribution
In linguistics, complementary distribution, as distinct from contrastive distribution and free variation, is the relationship between two different elements of the same kind, where one element is found in one set of environments and the other element is found in a non-intersecting (i.e. complementary) set of environments. It often indicates that two superficially different elements are the same linguistic unit at a deeper level. It is possible for more than two elements to be in complementary distribution with one another.
==In phonology==
(詳細はphonology, where similar phones in complementary distribution are usually allophones of the same phoneme. For instance, in English, and are allophones of the phoneme because they occur in complementary distribution. always occurs when it is the syllable onset and followed by a stressed vowel (as in the word ''pin''). occurs in all other situations (as in the word ''spin'').
There are cases where elements are in complementary distribution, but are not considered allophones. For example in English and are in complementary distribution, since only occurs at the beginning of a syllable and only at the end. But because they have so little in common in phonetic terms they are still considered separate phonemes.
〔''An Introduction to Language'' by Victoria Fromkin〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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